Research Article
Transformational Leadership, Psychological Empowerment, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors among Nursing Workforce: A Single Mediation Analysis
Table 1
Personal characteristics of the studied nurses and differences in the study variables.
| Characteristics | N | % | Transformational leadership | Psychological empowerment | Organizational citizenship behavior | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD |
| Age (years) | 20–30 | 73 | 23.9 | 3.25 ± 0.75 | 3.30 ± 0.64 | 3.48 ± 0.53 | 31–40 | 134 | 43.9 | 3.45 ± 0.74 | 3.50 ± 0.65 | 3.58 ± 0.54 | 41–50 | 85 | 27.9 | 3.35 ± 0.75 | 3.34 ± 0.61 | 3.50 ± 0.54 | <50 | 13 | 4.3 | 3.45 ± 0.43 | 3.41 ± 0.53 | 3.64 ± 0.37 | f/p | | | 1.31/0.27 | 1.92/0.13 | 0.79/0.50 |
| Gender | Male | 94 | 30.8 | 3.29 ± 0.71 | 3.45 ± 0.60 | 3.52 ± 0.55 | Female | 211 | 69.2 | 3.41 ± 0.75 | 3.39 ± 0.65 | 3.54 ± 0.53 | t/p | | | 1.08/0.16 | 0.75/0.46 | 0.35/0.73 |
| Marital status | Single | 112 | 36.7 | 3.47 ± 0.58 | 3.43 ± 0.55 | 3.49 ± 0.4 | Married | 167 | 54.8 | 3.34 ± 0.82 | 3.39 ± 0.70 | 3.57 ± 0.61 | Divorced | 20 | 6.6 | 3.15 ± 0.81 | 3.48 ± 0.57 | 3.53 ± 0.56 | Widowed | 6 | 2.0 | 3.28 ± 0.65 | 2.99 ± 0.28 | 3.40 ± 0.31 | f/p | | | 1.43/0.23 | 1.04/0.37 | 0.56/0.64 |
| Educational level | Technical education | 62 | 20.3 | 3.28 ± 0.65 | 3.41 ± 0.66 | 3.57 ± 0.43 | Bachelor’s degree | 202 | 66.2 | 3.38 ± 0.79 | 3.39 ± 0.65 | 3.51 ± 0.58 | Postgraduate degree | 41 | 13.4 | 3.51 ± 0.61 | 3.46 ± 0.53 | 3.60 ± 0.41 | f/p | | | 1.14/0.32 | 0.20/0.82 | 0.62/0.54 |
| Years of experience | <5 | 45 | 14.8 | 3.19 ± 0.73 | 3.26 ± 0.69 | 3.42 ± 0.53 | 6–10 | 78 | 25.6 | 3.48 ± 0.79 | 3.47 ± 0.68 | 3.57 ± 0.59 | 10–15 | 93 | 30.5 | 3.40 ± 0.74 | 3.49 ± 0.62 | 3.53 ± 0.51 | >15 | 89 | 29.2 | 3.37 ± 0.71 | 3.34 ± 0.57 | 3.56 ± 0.51 | f/p | | | 1.49/0.22 | 1.94/0.12 | 0.88/0.45 |
| Shift | Morning | 137 | 44.9 | 3.35 ± 0.81 | 3.41 ± 0.68 | 3.53 ± 0.58 | Afternoon | 53 | 17.4 | 3.35 ± 0.71 | 3.38 ± 0.56 | 3.54 ± 0.42 | Night | 48 | 15.7 | 3.46 ± 0.74 | 3.49 ± 0.63 | 3.55 ± 0.56 | Morning and evening | 67 | 22.0 | 3.38 ± 0.64 | 3.34 ± 0.61 | 3.53 ± 0.49 | f/p | | | 0.29/0.84 | 0.58/0.63 | 0.01/0.99 |
| Working unit | Emergency | 45 | 14.8 | 3.35 ± 0.69 | 3.37 ± 0.60 | 3.48 ± 0.48 | Medical | 78 | 25.6 | 3.34 ± 0.84 | 3.42 ± 0.67 | 3.51 ± 0.56 | Surgical | 64 | 21.0 | 3.41 ± 0.78 | 3.45 ± 0.68 | 3.51 ± 0.55 | Dialysis | 38 | 12.5 | 3.39 ± 0.75 | 3.41 ± 0.72 | 3.51 ± 0.59 | Outpatient | 42 | 13.8 | 3.36 ± 0.56 | 3.47 ± 0.48 | 3.59 ± 0.56 | ICU | 26 | 8.5 | 3.35 ± 0.73 | 3.17 ± 0.63 | 3.65 ± 0.38 | Operative | 12 | 3.9 | 3.48 ± 0.69 | 3.39 ± 0.51 | 3.69 ± 0.53 | f/p | | | 0.11/0.99 | 0.78/0.59 | 0.58/0.75 |
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Significant ( ). ( F) ANOVA test. ( t) t-test. |